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Laparoscopy is a type of surgery done through several small incisions in the abdomen. Small tools and a laparoscope (tiny camera) are placed through the incisions to allow the surgeon to see inside the belly and perform surgical tasks. This type of surgery is very popular, as it usually shortens recovery time. It also leaves only very small scars in most cases.
Reasons for Procedure
Many types of surgery can now be done with a laparoscope. Some examples include:
It can also be done to help make a diagnosis.
Possible Complications
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have a laparoscopy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Damage to blood vessels or organs
- Problems related to anesthesia
- The need for open surgery rather than laparoscopic surgery
Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
-
Smoking
-
Obesity
- Heart or lung condition
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Diabetes
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Depending on the reason for your surgery, your doctor may do the following:
- Physical exam and review of medicines
- Blood tests (eg,
pregnancy test, liver function, electrolyte status)
-
Urinalysis to detect
urinary tract infection
and
diabetes
-
Ultrasound
—a test that uses sound waves to visualize the inside of the body
-
CT scan
—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of the inside of the body
-
MRI scan
—a test that uses magnetic waves to make pictures of the inside of the body
In the days leading up to your procedure:
- Depending on the type of surgery, you may need to take a laxative or use an enema.
- Arrange for a ride home.
- The night before, eat a light meal. Unless told otherwise by your doctor, do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
Talk to your doctor about the medicines you are taking. Up to one week before the procedure, you may be asked to stop taking some medicines such as:
Anesthesia
Most commonly, you will have
general
anesthesia—You will be asleep.
Description of the Procedure
After you are asleep and do not feel any pain, a needle will be inserted to inject carbon dioxide into your abdomen. The gas will make your abdomen expand. This will make it easier to see the organs. The laparoscope will then be inserted through a small hole that is cut in the skin. The laparoscope lights, magnifies, and projects an image onto a video screen. The area will then be inspected.
If necessary, several other incisions will be made in the abdomen. Tiny tools will be inserted to take biopsies or do surgery. The incisions will be closed with stitches or clips.
How Long Will It Take?
This varies greatly depending on the procedure
Will It Hurt?
Anesthesia will prevent pain during the procedure. You may have soreness for a couple of days during recovery. Ask your doctor about pain medicine to help manage pain. You may also feel bloated or have pain in your shoulder from the gas. This can last up to three days.
Post-procedure Care
Once home, follow your doctor's
instructions
, which may include:
- Remove the dressing the morning after surgery.
- Avoid heavy lifting.
- Do not drink carbonated beverages for two days.
Ask your doctor about when it is safe to shower, bathe, or soak in water. You should be able to go back to regular activities in about one week. If the procedure was done to help diagnose a condition, your doctor will suggest treatment options. Biopsy results may take up to a week to come back.
Call Your Doctor
After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge from the incision site
- Nausea and/or vomiting that you cannot control with the medications you were given after surgery, or which persist for more than two days after discharge from the hospital
- Pain that you cannot control with the medicines you have been given
- Headache, muscle aches, feeling faint or dizzy
- Pain, burning, urgency or frequency of urination, or persistent bleeding in the urine
- Difficulty urinating or having a bowel movement
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
In case of an emergency, call for medical help right away.
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