Vaginal prolapse is the inward and downward bulging of the vaginal walls. It occurs when the supporting tissues of the lower pelvis weaken. The lack of support causes the walls of the vagina walls to weaken, sag, and collapse. Prolapse may also occur after hysterectomy. Other structures or organs near the vagina are also shifted. Types of vaginal prolapse include:

  • Cystocele (dropped bladder)—when the collapse involves the front of the vagina and bladder
  • Rectocele —when the collapse involves the back of the vagina and rectum
  • Enterocele—when the collapse involves the top vaginal wall and small bowel

The severity of vaginal prolapse may be simply defined as:

  • First degree—collapse into the upper part of the vagina
  • Second degree—collapse further into the vaginal canal, down to the level of the vaginal opening
  • Third degree—collapse that extends beyond the opening

There are more sophisticated ways of measuring and describing prolapses.

Vaginal prolapse is caused by weakened support structures in the pelvic region. Support tissue includes fascia (a fibrous tissue), ligaments, and muscles.

Pelvic Floor Muscles and Organs
Pelvic floor muscels
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